The United Nations (UN), via the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), created World Maritime Day to celebrate the international maritime industry’s contribution towards the world’s economy, especially in shipping. The event’s date varies by year and country but it is always on the last Thursday of September.

It has always been recognised that the best way of improving safety at sea is by developing international regulations that are followed by all shipping nations and from the mid-19th century onwards a number of such treaties were adopted. Several countries proposed that a permanent international body should be established to promote maritime safety more effectively, but it was not until the establishment of the United Nations itself that these hopes were realised. In 1948 an international conference in Geneva adopted a convention formally establishing IMO (the original name was the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation, or IMCO, but the name was changed in 1982 to IMO).

The IMO Convention entered into force in 1958 and the new Organisation met for the first time the following year.

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The purposes of the Organisation, as summarised by Article 1(a) of the Convention, are “to provide machinery for cooperation among Governments in the field of governmental regulation and practices relating to technical matters of all kinds affecting shipping engaged in international trade; to encourage and facilitate the general adoption of the highest practicable standards in matters concerning maritime safety, efficiency of navigation and prevention and control of marine pollution from ships”. The Organisation is also empowered to deal with administrative and legal matters related to these purposes.

IMO’s first task was to adopt a new version of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), the most important of all treaties dealing with maritime safety. This was achieved in 1960 and IMO then turned its attention to such matters as the facilitation of international maritime traffic, load lines and the carriage of dangerous goods, while the system of measuring the tonnage of ships was revised.

But although safety was and remains IMO’s most important responsibility, a new problem began to emerge – pollution. The growth in the amount of oil being transported by sea and in the size of oil tankers was of particular concern and the Torrey Canyon disaster of 1967, in which 120,000 tonnes of oil was spilled, demonstrated the scale of the problem.

During the next few years IMO introduced a series of measures designed to prevent tanker accidents and to minimise their consequences. It also tackled the environmental threat caused by routine operations such as the cleaning of oil cargo tanks and the disposal of engine room wastes – in tonnage terms a bigger menace than accidental pollution.

The most important of all these measures was the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78). It covers not only accidental and operational oil pollution but also pollution by chemicals, goods in packaged form, sewage, garbage and air pollution.

IMO was also given the task of establishing a system for providing compensation to those who had suffered financially as a result of pollution. Two treaties were adopted, in 1969 and 1971, which enabled victims of oil pollution to obtain compensation much more simply and quickly than had been possible before. Both treaties were amended in 1992, and again in 2000, to increase the limits of compensation payable to victims of pollution. A number of other legal conventions have been developed since, most of which concern liability and compensation issues.

Also in the 1970s a global search and rescue system was initiated, with the establishment of the International Mobile Satellite Organisation (IMSO), which has greatly improved the provision of radio and other messages to ships.

The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) was adopted in 1988 and began to be phased in from 1992. In February 1999, the GMDSS became fully operational, so that now a ship that is in distress anywhere in the world can be virtually guaranteed assistance, even if the ship’s crew do not have time to radio for help, as the message will be transmitted automatically.

Two initiatives in the 1990s are especially important insofar as they relate to the human element in shipping. On 1 July 1998 the International Safety Management Code entered into force and became applicable to passenger ships, oil and chemical tankers, bulk carriers, gas carriers and cargo high speed craft of 500 gross tonnage and above. It became applicable to other cargo ships and mobile offshore drilling units of 500 gross tonnage and above from 1 July 2002.

On 1 February 1997, the 1995 amendments to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978 entered into force. They greatly improve seafarer standards and, for the first time, give IMO itself powers to check Government actions with Parties required to submit information to IMO regarding their compliance with the Convention. A major revision of the STCW Convention and Code was completed in 2010 with the adoption of the “Manila amendments to the STCW Convention and Code”.

New conventions relating to the marine environment were adopted in the  2000s, including one on anti-fouling sytems (AFS 2001), another on ballast water management to prevent the invasion of alien species (BWM 2004) and another on ship recycling (Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, 2009).

The 2000s also saw a focus on maritime security, with the entry into force in July 2004 of a new, comprehensive security regime for international shipping, including the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code, made mandatory under amendments to SOLAS adopted in 2002.

In 2005, IMO adopted amendments to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts (SUA) Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 1988 and its related Protocol (the 2005 SUA Protocols), which amongst other things, introduce the right of a a State Party desires to board a ship flying the flag of another State Party when the requesting Party has reasonable grounds to suspect that the ship or a person on board the ship is, has been, or is about to be involved in, the commission of an offence under the Convention.

As IMO instruments have entered into force and been implemented, developments in technology and/or lessons learned from accidents have led to changes and amendments being adopted.

The focus on implementation continues, with the technical co-operation programme a key strand of IMO’s work.

The IMO Member State Audit Scheme, which became mandatory under a number of key IMO instruments on 1 January 2016, will increasingly play a key role in supporting effective implementation by providing an audited Member State with a comprehensive and objective assessment of how effectively it administers and implements those mandatory IMO instruments which are covered by the Scheme.

IMO’s mission statement :

“The mission of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) as a United Nations specialised agency is to promote safe, secure, environmentally sound, efficient and sustainable shipping through cooperation. This will be accomplished by adopting the highest practicable standards of maritime safety and security, efficiency of navigation and prevention and control of pollution from ships, as well as through consideration of the related legal matters and effective implementation of IMO’s instruments with a view to their universal and uniform application.”

The United Nations (UN), via the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), created World Maritime Day to celebrate the international maritime industry’s contribution towards the world’s economy, especially in shipping. The event’s date varies by year and country but it is always on the last Thursday of September.

Previous events

2018 – Poland: Our Heritage – Better Shipping for a Better Future
2017 – Panama: Connecting Ships, Ports and People
2016 – Turkey: Shipping: Indispensable to the World
2015 – Japan: Maritime Education and Training
2014 – Morocco: IMO conventions: effective implementation
2013 – Peru: Sustainable Development: IMO’s contribution beyond Rio+20
2012 – Bahrain: IMO: 100 years after the Titanic

2011 – Italy: Piracy: orchestrating the response
2010 – Argentina: Year of the Seafarer
2009 – USA: Climate change: A challenge for IMO too!
2008 – Greece: 60 years in the service of shipping
2007 – Brazil: IMO’s response to current environmental challenges
2006 – Singapore: Technical co-operation: IMO’s response to the 2005 World Summit
2005 – Portugal: International shipping – Carrier of world trade

Year Observances

September Observances

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Better Way: Delete your WhatsApp and Change to Telegram

WhatsApp : Illegal Effect : Hacking is growing at High Risk in future

(1) WhatsApp does not store messages on its servers, so if cybercriminals were to hack into the platform, they would not be able to decrypt any of the messages.

Telegram is a cloud service. We store messages, photos, videos and documents from your cloud chats on our servers so that you can access your data from any of your devices anytime without having to rely on third-party backups. This way local engineers or physical intruders cannot get access to user data.

(2) (a) Additionally, WhatsApp does not have the key to see encrypted messages. By default, WhatsApp stores messages in a way that allows them to be backed up to the cloud by iOS or Android. WhatsApp store in phone storage device occupies more space.

(2) (b) WhatsApp files (photos, audios, videos, documents) and texts occupying too much phone storage device. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/whatsapp-files-occupying-too-much-phone-storage-heres-what-you-can-do-279321-2020-11-21 to view webpage with the browser.

Telegram provides unlimited cloud storage. This means all your text messages, images media files & documents will be saved on their cloud without losing any data, you don’t need to worry about backup & restore.

(3) WhatsApp: Uncrackable problem of end-to-end encryption: Lack of Security

Telegram Secret Chats are one-on-one chats wherein messages are encrypted with a key held only by the chat’s participants. Note that the schema for these end-to-end encrypted Secret Chats is different from what is used for cloud chats.

(4) WhatsApp Draining Your Phone’s Battery Too? This Could Be The Reason. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://www.republicworld.com/technology-news/apps/whatsapp-draining-your-phones-battery-too-this-could-be-the-reason.html to view webpage with the browser.

(5) WhatsApp warning: How a single phone call hacked phones worldwide. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/science-technology/1276195/WhatsApp-hack-how-single-call-compromised-phones to view webpage with the browser.

(6) WhatsApp virus is a term used for a variety of malware and scams directed towards this popular communications app. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://www.2-spyware.com/remove-whatsapp-virus.html#qm-h2-1 to view webpage with the browser.

(7) New Warning for WhatsApp Users Over Account Suspension ‘Hack’. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2021/04/10/shock-new-warning-for-millions-of-whatsapp-users-on-apple-iphone-and-google-android-phones/?sh=2b33ce0d7585 to view webpage with the browser.

Telegram Privacy Policy: Read more: https://telegram.org/privacy

(8) This dangerous WhatsApp scam can access your personal and financial details. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://www.gadgetsnow.com/tech-news/this-dangerous-whatsapp-scam-can-access-your-personal-and-financial-details/articleshow/88519735.cms to view webpage with the browser.

(9) Your WhatsApp, Facebook data isn’t safe! Malicious apps that steal data found on Play Store. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://www.businesstoday.in/buzztop/buzztop-technology/your-whatsapp-facebook-data-isnt-safe-malicious-apps-that-steal-data-found-on-play-store/story/307472.html to view webpage with the browser.

(10) Dangerous new spyware can steal your WhatsApp messages and take photos using your smartphone camera without your permission and admit it’s been around for FIVE YEARS already. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/5359250/what-is-skygofree-spyware-how-to-stay-safe-whatsapp/ to view webpage with the browser.

(11) One of the most-advanced Android malware discovered; can even ‘steal’ your WhatsApp messages. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://cio.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/digital-security/one-of-the-most-advanced-android-malware-discovered-can-even-steal-your-whatsapp-messages/62548876 to view webpage with the browser.

(12) One billion users of the messaging service are now promised full encryption. Which can only mean the spooks will retaliate elsewhere. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/apr/10/whatsapp-encryption-billion-users-data-security to view webpage with the browser.

(13) Wormable Android malware is spreading through WhatsApp messages. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://www.itpro.co.uk/security/malware/359133/new-android-malware-discovered-that-spreads-through-whatsapp-messages to view webpage with the browser.

(14) Malicious WhatsApp mod infects Android devices with malware. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malicious-whatsapp-mod-infects-android-devices-with-malware/ to view webpage with the browser.

(15) WhatsApp joinable calls feature can increase risk of eavesdropping through cyberattack: Kaspersky. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/whatsapp-joinable-calls-feature-can-increase-risk-of-eavesdropping-through-cyberattack-kaspersky/84640328 to view webpage with the browser.

(16) WhatsApp hijack scam continues to spread. Read more…Click here to open link.

 https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57357301.amp to view webpage with the browser.

(17) 8 Ways Your WhatsApp Messages Can Be Hacked. Read more…Click here to open link.

https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/how-whatsapp-messages-can-hacked/ to view webpage with the browser.

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Telegram

Telegram Messenger Web  ( https://web.telegram.org/#/login ) always easy and faster than all emails (Gmail, Hotmail, Outlook, Microsoft Office 365, Yahoo mail, AOL, etc) and also Instant Messenger. Available on the Telegram Desktop for Microsoft Windows / Apple Mac / Linux. Telegram Messenger is better than WhatsApp, Signal, WhatsApp Business, Microsoft Kaizala, WeChat, Hike, Line, Viber, Hangouts, BBM & Facebook Messenger for saving battery and phone storage with your Smartphone. Telegram for iPhone / iPad available on the App Store for iOS devices. https://telegram.org

NOTE: Microsoft Kaizala has retired on 31st August 2023. Kaizala moved to Microsoft Teams from 1st September 2023.

NOTE: Microsoft Kaizala has retired on 31st August 2023. Kaizala moved to Microsoft Teams from 1st September 2023.

NOTE: Microsoft Kaizala has retired on 31st August 2023. Kaizala moved to Microsoft Teams from 1st September 2023.

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Telegram provides unlimited cloud storage. This means all your text messages, images media files & documents will be saved on their cloud without losing any data, you don’t need to worry about backup & restore. Telegram Private Groups cannot be found with an in-app search. The group is private, after all that you can use the 2,00,000 member limit fully. Telegram Channels are a tool for broadcasting public (or) private messages to large audiences, similarly as you do on Twitter or Facebook Page. In fact, channels can have an unlimited number of subscribers. Telegram Private Channels cannot be found with an in-app search. Group video calls on Telegram allow 30 users to broadcast from their camera as well as their screens. This can now be watched by 1,000 people at once (updated by 1st August 2021). Users can hold anything event online, from lectures to concerts and everything in between, similarly as Zoom or Microsoft Teams or Google Meet.
A. Simple: Telegram is so simple you already know how to use it.
B. Private: Telegram messages are heavily encrypted and can self-destruct.
C. Synced: Telegram lets you access your chats from multiple devices.
D. Fast: Telegram delivers messages faster than any other application such WhatsApp, Signal etc.
E. Powerful: Telegram has no limits on the size of your media and chats.
F. Open: Telegram has an open API and source code free for everyone.
G. Secure: Telegram keeps your messages safe from hacker attacks.
H. Expressive: Telegram lets you completely customise your messenger.

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Telegram: Interest in Money Transfer Features % active users on BBM, WeChat, Kakao, LINE, Viber, Skype, WhatsApp, Kik, Snapchat and Facebook Messenger.

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